Exploration of The Cultural Challenges that French Companies Face in Essay

Exploration of The Cultural Challenges that French Companies Face in Attempts to Penetrate the Italian Market - Essay Example This study tackles significant considerations of the unique characteristics that the French and the Italian markets respectively have, the latter being the new one to be explored and developed. Such process is very necessary in order to determine what effective sales approaches have to be applied in the Italian market. An existing and working marketing scheme in France may not be viable or practicable in Italy. The advertising concepts and drives used by the company in France may not gain acceptance from the people of Italy. The This research study is limited to the presentation and exploration of the cultural issues in international marketing within the selected focus setting and in concept, theory and exemplifying scenarios. The research will be exhaustive in its conceptual thrust as well as in the material used to substantiate presented arguments, claims, points, ideas and perspectives among other positions. The core objective of this study is to illustrate my skills in the domains of marketing and cross-culture communication as a way of soliciting for related career opportunities in the U.S.A, Italy or in any English-speaking country. This study has been made in order to be read and understood by American audience. The endeavor is in tandem with the skills acquired during my course majoring in "international trade and marketing" at ESC Chambery Business School and the MBA pursued at the BMU.

On Going a Journey Essay Example for Free

On Going a Journey Essay One of the pleasantest things in the world is going a journey; but I like to go by myself. I can enjoy society in a room; but out of doors, nature is company enough for me. I am then never less alone than when alone. The fields his study, nature was his book. I cannot see the wit of walking and talking at the same time. When I am in the country, I wish to vegetate like the country. I am not for criticising hedge-rows and black cattle. I go out of town in order to forget the town and all that is in it. There are those who for this purpose go to watering-places, and carry the metropolis with them. I like more elbow-room, and fewer incumbrances. I like solitude, when I give myself up to it, for the sake of solitude; nor do I ask for ——a friend in my retreat, Whom I may whisper solitude is sweet. The soul of a journey is liberty, perfect liberty, to think, feel, do just as one pleases. We go a journey chiefly to be free of all impediments and of all inconveniences; to leave ourselves behind, much more to get rid of others. It is because I want a little breathing-space to muse on indifferent matters, where Contemplation May plume her feathers and let grow her wings, That in the various bustle of resort Were all too ruffled, and sometimes impaird,  that I absent myself from the town for awhile, without feeling at a loss the moment I am left by myself. Instead of a friend in a post-chaise or in a Tilbury, to exchange good things with, and vary the same stale topics over again, for once let me have a truce with impertinence. Give me the clear blue sky over my head, and the green turf beneath my feet, a winding road before me, and a three hours march to dinner—and then to thinking! It is hard if I cannot start some game on these lone heaths. I laugh, I run, I leap, I sing for joy. From the point of yonder rolling cloud, I plunge into my past being, and revel there, as the sun-burnt Indian plunges headlong into the wave that wafts him to his native shore. Then long-forgotten things, like sunken wrack and sumless treasuries, burst upon my eager  sight, and I begin to feel, think, and be myself again. Instead of an awkward silence, broken by attempts at wit or dull common-place s, mine is that undisturbed silence of the heart which alone is perfect eloquence. No one likes puns, alliterations, antitheses, argument, and analysis better than I do; but I sometimes had rather be without them. Leave, oh, leave me to my repose! I have just now other business in hand, which would seem idle to you, but is with me very stuff of the conscience. Is not this wild rose sweet without a comment? Does not this daisy leap to my heart set in its coat of emerald? Yet if I were to explain to you the circumstance that has so endeared it to me, you would only smile. Had I not better then keep it to myself, and let it serve me to brood over, from here to yonder craggy point, and from thence onward to the far-distant horizon? I should be but bad company all that way, and therefore prefer being alone. I have heard it said that you may, when the moody fit comes on, walk or ride on by yourself, and indulge your reveries. But this looks like a breach of manners, a neglect of others, and you are thinking all the time that you ought to rejoin your party. Out upon such half-faced fellowship, say I. I like to be either entirely to myself, or entirely at the disposal of others; to talk or be silent, to walk or sit still, to be sociab le or solitary. I was pleased with an observation of Mr. Cobbetts, that he thought it a bad French custom to drink our wine with our meals, and that an Englishman ought to do only one thing at a time. So I cannot talk and think, or indulge in melancholy musing and lively conversation by fits and starts, Let me have a companion of my way, says Sterne, were it but to remark how the shadows lengthen as the sun declines. It is beautifully said: but in my opinion, this continual comparing of notes interferes with the involuntary impression of things upon the mind, and hurts the sentiment. If you only hint what you feel in a kind of dumb show, it is insipid: if you have to explain it, it is making a toil of a pleasure. You cannot read the book of nature, without being perpetually put to the trouble of translating it for the benefit of others. I am for the synthetical method on a journey, in preference to the analytical. I am content to lay in a stock of ideas then, and to examine and anatomise them afterw ards. I want to see my vague notions float like the down of the thistle before the breeze, and not to have them entangled in the briars and thorns of controversy. For once, I like to have it all my own way; and this  is impossible unless you are alone, or in such company as I do not covet. I have no objection to argue a point with any one for twenty miles of measured road, but not for pleasure. If you remark the scent of a beanfield crossing the road, perhaps your fellow-traveller has no smell. If you point to a distant object, perhaps he is short-sighted, and has to take out his glass to look at it. There is a feeling in the air, a tone in the colour of a cloud which hits your fancy, but the effect of which you are unable to account for. There is then no sympathy, but an uneasy craving after it, and a dissatisfaction which pursues you on the way, and in the end probably produces ill humour. Now I never quarrel with myself, and take all my own conclusions for granted till I find it neces sary to defend them against objections. It is not merely that you may not be of accord on the objects and circumstances that present themselves before you—these may recal a number of objects, and lead to associations too delicate and refined to be possibly communicated to others. Yet these I love to cherish, and sometimes still fondly clutch them, when I can escape from the throng to do so. To give way to our feelings before company, seems extravagance or affectation; and on the other hand, to have to unravel this mystery of our being at every turn, and to make others take an equal interest in it (otherwise the end is not answered) is a task to which few are competent. We must give it an understanding, but no tongue. My old friend C——, however, could do both. He could go on in the most delightful explanatory way over hill and dale, a summers day, and convert a landscape into a didactic poem or a Pindaric ode. He talked far above singing. If I could so clothe my ideas in sounding and flowing words, I might perhaps wish to have some one with me to admire the swelling theme; or I could be more content, were it possible for me still to hear his echoing voice in the woods of All-Foxden. They had that fine madness in them which our first poets had; and if they could have been caught by some rare instrument, would have breathed such strains as the following. ——Here be woods as green As any, air likewise as fresh and sweet As when smooth Zephyrus plays on the fleet Face of the curled stream, with flowrs as many As the young spring gives, and as choice as any; Here be all new delights, cool streams and wells, Arbours oergrown with woodbine, caves and dells; Choose where thou wilt, while I sit by and sing, Or gather rushes to make many a ring For thy long fingers; tell thee tales of love, How the pale Phoebe, hunting in a grove, First saw the boy Endymion, from whose eyes She took eternal fire that never dies; How she conveyd him softly in a sleep, His temples bound with poppy, to the steep Head of old Latmos, where she stoops each night, Gilding the mountain with her brothers light, To kiss her sweetest.—— Faithful Shepherdess. Had I words and images at command like these, I would attempt to wake the thoughts that lie slumbering on golden ridges in the evening clouds: but at the sight of nature my fancy, poor as it is, droops and closes up its leaves, like flowers at sunset. I can make nothing out on the spot:—I must have time to collect myself.— In general, a good thing spoils out-of-door prospects: it should be reserved for Table-talk. L—— is for this reason, I take it, the worst company in the world out of doors; because he is the best within. I grant, there is one subject on which it is pleasant to talk on a journey; and that is, what one shall have for supper when we get to our inn at night. The open air improves this sort of conversation or friendly altercation, by setting a keener edge on appetite. Every mile of the road heightens the flavour of the viands we expect at the end of it. How fine it is to enter some old town, walled and turreted just at the approach of night-fall, or to come to some straggling village, with the lights streaming through the surrounding gloom; and then after inquiring for the best entertainment that the place affords, to take ones ease at ones inn! These eventful moments in our lives history are too precious, too full of solid, heart-felt happiness to be frittered and dribbled away in imperfect sympathy. I would have them all to myself, and drain them to the last drop: they will do to talk of or to write about afterwards. What a delicate speculation it is, after drinking whole goblets of tea, The cups that  cheer, but not inebriate, and letting the fumes ascend into the brain, to sit considering what we shall have for supper—eggs and a rasher, a rabbit smothered in onions, or an excellent veal-cutlet! Sancho in such a situation once fixed upon cow-heel; and his choice, though he could not help it, is not to be disparaged. Then in the intervals of pictured scenery and Shandean contemplation, to catch the preparation and the stir in the kitchen—Procul, O procul este profani! These hours are sacred to silence and to musing, to be treasured up in the memory, and to feed the source of smiling thoughts hereafter. I would not waste them in idle talk; or if I must have the integrity of fancy broken in upon, I would rather it were by a stranger than a friend. A stranger takes his hue and character from the time and place; he is a part of the furniture and costume of an inn. If he is a Quaker, or from the West Riding of Yorkshire, so much the better. I do not even try to sympathise with him, and he breaks no squares. I associate nothing with my travelling companion but present objects and passing events. In his ignorance of me and my affairs, I in a manner forget myself. But a friend reminds one of other things, rips up old grievances, and destroys the abstraction of the scene. He comes in ungraciously between us and our imaginary character. Something is dropped in the course of conversation that gives a hint of your profession and pursuits; or from having some one with you that knows the less sublime portions of your history, it seems that other people do. You are no longer a citizen of the world: but your unhoused free condition is put into circumscription and confine. The incognito of an inn is one of its striking privileges—lord of ones-self, uncumberd with a name. Oh! it is great to shake off the trammels of the world and of public opinion—to lose our importunate, tormenting, everlasting personal identity in the elements of nature, and become the creature of the moment, clear o f all ties—to hold to the universe only by a dish of sweet-breads, and to owe nothing but the score of the evening—and no longer seeking for applause and meeting with contempt, to be known by no other title than the Gentleman in the parlour! One may take ones choice of all characters in this romantic state of uncertainty as to ones real pretensions, and become indefinitely respectable and negatively right-worshipful. We baffle prejudice and  disappoint conjecture; and from being so to others, begin to be objects of curiosity and wonder even to ourselves. We are no more those hackneyed commonplaces that we appear in the world: an inn restores us to the level of nature, and quits scores with society! I have certainly spent some enviable hours at inns—sometimes when I have been left entirely to myself, and have tried to solve some metaphysical problem, as once at Witham-common, where I found out the proof that likeness is not a case of the association of ideas—at other times, when there have been pictures in the room, as at St. Neots, (I think it was) where I first met with Gribelins engravings of the Cartoons, into which I entered at once, and at a little inn on the borders of Wales, where there happened to be hanging some of Westalls drawings, which I compared triumphantly (for a theory that I had, not for the admired artist) with the figure of a girl who had ferried me over the Severn, standing up in the boat between me and the twilight—at other times I might mention luxuriating in books, with a peculiar interest in this way, as I remember sitting up half the night to read Paul and Virginia, which I picked up at an inn at Bridgewater, after being drenched in the rain all day; and at the same place I got through two volumes of Madame DArblays Camilla. It was on the tenth of April, 1798, that I sat down to a volume of the New Eloise, at the inn at Llangollen, over a bottle of sherry and a cold chicken. The letter I chose was that in which St. Preux describes his feelings as he first caught a glimpse from the heights of the Jura of the Pays de Vaud, which I had brought with me as a bon bouche to crown the evening with. It was my birth-day, and I had for the first time come from a place in the neighbourhood to visit this delightful spot. The road to Llangollen turns off between Chirk and Wrexham; and on passing a certain point, you come all at once upon the valley, which opens like an amphitheatre, broad, barren hills rising in majestic state on either side, with green upland swells that echo to the bleat of flocks below, and the river Dee babbling over its stony bed in the midst of them. The valley at this time glittered green with sunny showers, and a budding ash-tree dipped its tender branches in the chiding stream. How proud, how glad I was to walk along the high road that overlooks the delicious prospect, repeating the lines which I have just quoted from Mr. Coleridges poems. But besides the prospect which opened beneath my feet, another also opened to my inward  sight, a heavenly vision, on which were written, in letters large as Hope could make them, these four words, LIBERTY, GENIUS, LOVE, VIRTUE; which have since faded into the light of common day, or mock my idle gaze. The beautiful is vanished, and returns not. Still I would return some time or other to this enchanted spot; but I would return to it alone. What other self could I find to share that influx of thoughts, of regret, and delight, the fragments of which I could hardly conjure up to myself, so much have they been broken and defaced! I could stand on some tall rock, and overlook the precipice of years that separates me from what I then was. I was at that time going shortly to visit the poet whom I have above named. Where is he now? Not only I myself have changed; the world, which was then new to me, has become old and incorrigible. Yet will I turn to thee in thought, O sylvan Dee, in joy, in youth and gladness as thou then wert; and thou shalt always be to me the river of Paradise, where I will drink of the waters of life freely! There is hardly any thing that shows the short-sightedness or capriciousness of the imagination more than travelling does. With change of place we change our ideas; nay, our opinions and feelings. We can by an effort indeed transport ourselves to old and long-forgotten scenes, and then the picture of the mind revives again; but we forget those that we have just left. It seems that we can think but of one place at a time. The canvas of the fancy is but of a certain extent, and if we paint one set of objects upon it, they immediately efface every other. We cannot enlarge our conceptions, we only shift our point of view. The landscape bares its bosom to the enraptured eye, we take our fill of it, and seem as if we could form no other image of beauty or grandeur. We pass on, and think no more of it: the horizon that shuts it from our sight, also blots it from our memory like a dream. In travelling through a wild barren country, I can form no idea of a woody and cultivated one. It appears to me that all the world must be barren, like what I see of it. In the country we forget the town, and in town we despise the country. Beyond Hyde Park, says Sir Fopling Flutter, all is a desert. All that part of the map that we do not see before us is a blank. The world in our conceit of it is not much bigger than a nutshell. It is not one prospect expanded into another, county joined to county, kingdom to kingdom, lands to seas, making an image  voluminous and vast;—the mind can form no larger idea of space than the eye can take in at a single glance. The rest is a name written in a map, a calculation of arithmetic. For instance, what is the true signification of that immense mass of territory and population, known by the name of China to us? An inch of paste-board on a wooden globe, of no more account than a China orange! Things near us are seen of the size of life: things at a distance are diminished to the size of the understanding. We measure the universe by ourselves, and even comprehend the texture of our own being only piece-meal. In this way, however, we remember an infinity of things and places. The mind is like a mechanical instrument that plays a great variety of tunes, but it must play them in succession. One idea recalls another, but it at the same time excludes all others. In trying to renew old recollections, we cannot as it were unfold the whole web of our existence; we must pick out the single threads. So in coming to a place where we have formerly lived and with which we have intimate associations, every one must have found that the feeling grows more vivid the nearer we approach the spot, from the mere anticipation of the actual impression: we remember circumstances, feelings, persons, faces, names, that we had not thought of for years; but for the time all the rest of the world is forgotten!—To return to the question I have quitted above. I have no objection to go to see ruins, aqueducts, pictures, in company with a friend or a party, but rather the contrary, for the former reason reversed. They are intelligible matters, and will bear talking about. The sentiment here is not tacit, but communicable and overt. Salisbury Plain is barren of criticism, but Stonehenge will bear a discussion antiquarian, picturesque, and philosophical. In setting out on a party of pleasure, the first consideration always is where we shall go to: in taking a solitary ramble, the question is what we shall meet with by the way. The mind is its own place; nor are we anxious to arrive at the end of our journey. I can myself do the honours indifferently well to works of art and curiosity. I once took a party to Oxford with no mean eclat—shewed them that seat of the Muses at a distance, With glistering spires and pinnacles adornd—  descanted on the learned air that breathes from the grassy quadrangles and stone walls of halls and colleges—was at home in the Bodleian; and at  Blenheim quite superseded the powdered Ciceroni that attended us, and that pointed in vain with his wand to common-place beauties in matchless pictures.—A s another exception to the above reasoning, I should not feel confident in venturing on a journey in a foreign country without a companion. I should want at intervals to hear the sound of my own language. There is an involuntary antipathy in the mind of an Englishman to foreign manners and notions that requires the assistance of social sympathy to carry it off. As the distance from home increases, this relief, which was at first a luxury, becomes a passion and an appetite. A person would almost feel stifled to find himself in the deserts of Arabia without friends and countrymen: there must be allowed to be something in the view of Athens or old Rome that claims the utterance of speech; and I own that the Pyramids are too mighty for any simple contemplation. In such situations, so opposite to all ones ordinary train of ideas, one seems a species by ones-self, a limb torn off from society, unless one can meet with instant fellowship and support.—Yet I did not feel this want or craving very pressing once, when I first set my foot on the laughing shores of France. Calais was peopled with novelty and delight. The confused, busy murmur of the place was like oil and wine poured into m y ears; nor did the mariners hymn, which was sung from the top of an old crazy vessel in the harbour, as the sun went down, send an alien sound into my soul. I only breathed the air of general humanity. I walked over the vine-covered hills and gay regions of France, erect and satisfied; for the image of man was not cast down and chained to the foot of arbitrary thrones: I was at no loss for language, for that of all the great schools of painting was open to me. The whole is vanished like a shade. Pictures, heroes, glory, freedom, all are fled: nothing remains but the Bourbons and the French people!—There is undoubtedly a sensation in travelling into foreign parts that is to be had nowhere else: but it is more pleasing at the time than lasting. It is too remote from our habitual associations to be a common topic of discourse or reference, and, like a dream or another state of existence, does not piece into our daily modes of life. It is an animated but a momentary hallucination. It demands an effort to exchange our actual for our ideal identity; and to feel the pulse of our old transports revive very keenly, we must jump all our present comforts and connexions. Our romantic and itinerant character is not to be  domesticated. Dr. Johnson remarked how little foreign travel added to the facilities of conversation in those who had been abroad. In fact, the time we have spent there is both delightful and in one sense instructive; but it appears to be cut out of our substantial, downright existence, and never to join kindly on to it. We are not the same, but another, and perhaps more enviable individual, all the time we are out of our own country. We are lost to ourselves, as well as our friends. So the poet somewhat quaintly sings, Out of my country and myself I go. Those who wish to forget painful thoughts, do well to absent themselves for a while from the ties and objects that recal them: but we can be said only to fulfil our destiny in the place that gave us birth. I should on this account like well enough to spend the whole of my life in travelling abroad, if I could any where borrow another life to spend afterwards at home! Hazlitt.

The Two Faced Salieri :: essays research papers

â€Å"Now a madness began in me. The madness of a man splitting in half†. Even though this was uttered by Salieri, it’s our life! And yet we still don’t know what’s in it. You might not notice, but everyone in this world has two sides, one dark and the other light. The quote above also has two sides. On one hand he was a noble court composer, on the other hand he was really evil and was filled up with jealousy. Did Salieri control his two different sides or did he believe in one side and invaded the other? In the following few paragraphs, I am going to prove to you how Salieri was a two faced person. Salieri was a noble, decent and a mature person. After his father died, God gave him what he needed and made him a court composer for the Emperor. He was simply a model of virtue for other people. â€Å"I kept my hands off woman†. This was said by Salieri and this quote also proves that he was respectful and an honored person. â€Å"Teaching students, many of them for free, sitting on endless committees to help poor musicians†. This quote was also said by the court composer Salieri. This quote tells all of us that he was a really nice person and didn’t want anything in return because God gave him what he needed the most. â€Å"Let me celebrate your glory through music†. This shows us that he was very dedicated to his religion and to God. â€Å"I was the most successful musician in Vienna†. Salieri was really happy when he knew he was the greatest composer of Vienna but when ever there is a good time for a person, there is also a bad. Salieriâ⠂¬â„¢s evil side took over part of his good side and this all happened when he arrived. The most famous composer named Mozart. Salieri like everyone else also had a bad side. He was really jealous when Mozart took over his dreams. Mozart was also a composer and he became well known in Vienna through his music. When Salieri first saw Mozart he thought how can such a vulgar man create such great music. Salieri was really mad at God for making such a disgusting and a dirty minded person such a great composer.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM AN EDUCATIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE

The followers is a elaborate analysis of the responses to the two different questionnaires. The full questionnaires and replies are summarized in tabular arraies in the appendix ( delight see appendix E and appendix F ) . The response rates to both questionnaires were comparatively good. From the parents, 6 out of 15 returned a completed questionnaire, giving a response rate of 40 % . From the instructors, healers and other school staff 13 out of 23 returned a completed questionnaire, giving a response rate of 56 %Background of parents and kidsAll 6 respondents to the parents ‘ questionnaire were the several female parents of the kids with autism ; no male parents, carers or other relations responded straight. The ages of their kids ranged between 9.2 and 10.7 old ages ( average = 9.9 ) and all except for one had merely one kid with particular demands. This peculiar female parent reported to hold another boy ( aged 13 old ages ) with autism and to boot terrible larning troubles every bit good as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) . The parents heard about the school with an ABA programme from different beginnings. Two of them were referred by friends ; two found out about it on the World Wide Web, one was referred by a physician and one by a charity called PEACH ( Parents for the early intercession of autism in kids ) . The motives of the parents to direct their kid to the school were besides different: for four parents it was peculiarly because of the school-based ABA programme – one of these four even followed an ABA-program at place before while another one wanted to exchange to an Applied Behaviour Analysis-based intercession as she did n't experience that her autistic kid was doing any noticeable advancement at the Local Education Authority ( LEA ) school. Another parent had problem acquiring support for the coveted home-based ABA plan from her local council and so opted for a school-based attack ( which the local council agreed to fund ) , while the last respondent simply indicated that the school was â€Å" what she wanted † . The continuance of those 6 kids at school ranged from merely half a twelvemonth to over 5 old ages, giving an norm of 3.5 old ages and a median of 3.8 old ages.Teachers ‘ experience with and positions of ABAThe 13 teachers/school staff who participated in the questionnaire had really different degrees of experience. Experience degrees measured in old ages ranged from merely under 1 twelvemonth to 11 old ages with a median of 3 old ages demoing a really broad scattering of the consequences. The mean experience of instructors ‘ was 4.3 old ages. 12 out of the 13 school staff were existent instructors, 1 indicated to be â€Å" other school staff † . Asked about the restrictions and hazards of Applied Behaviour Analysis, instructors replied that ABA might non be suited to all kids with autism and that the chief hazard is that kids can go â€Å" prompt dependent † or dependant on one-on-one support, which may curtail their societal accomplishments development in the hereafter. Teachers besides noted that Applied Behaviour Analysis is a really stiff and intensive manner of learning which can be difficult to follow, seting a batch of emphasis on the households, and if non applied properly it could be damaging to a kid ‘s advancement. Other instructors / healers besides mentioned the deficiency of secondary proviso after the kid leaves the peculiar school ( which is primary merely ) and that the plan is really expensive. Unfortunately, merely 11 of the 13 instructors replied to this inquiry.Parents ‘ cognition of, experience and engagement with ABAFrom the six parents reacting the questionnaire, 5 described their c ognition as â€Å" really good † , while one felt that she had â€Å" some cognition † . Besides, 5 out of 6 had some old experience with Applied Behaviour Analysis rules, either through a home-based plan or another ABA-lead school. One parent besides applied different, more specialised signifiers of ABA before, such as â€Å" spring led † Applied Behaviour Analysis attack, independent Verbal Behaviour ( VB ) programme and Lovaas. Interestingly, the instructors ‘ responses to the inquiry sing parents ‘ cognition and experience is really different: instructors find that the cognition degree of parents varies a batch and on the border, parents have far excessively small apprehension of the ABA-approach. They see a direct relationship between the degree of involvement a parent shows to his or her degree of cognition and emphasis that the school is already offering a batch of information to parents in order to maintain them up to day of the month about their autistic kid ‘s behaviour programme. Teachers believe that the engagement of parents in their kid ‘s Applied Behaviour Analysis plan is really of import. The chief benefits in the eyes of the school staff are consistence and continuity in the manner the kid is worked with, particularly in the initial phases of the ABA-program execution. However, instructors complain that most parents are non involved plenty in their kid ‘s ABA pla n. Most suspect that the grounds for this are merely a deficiency of clip, involvement, cognition and in some instances besides their bad commandment of English. Some besides say that parents merely necessitate much more support. All of the parents have seen betterments in their autistic kid ‘s behavior since following the Applied Behaviour Analysis programme at school. Most parents saw betterments in the communicating of their kid, some to boot celebrated betterments in accomplishments, behavior and assurance. No troubles have been reported except for nail-biting in 2 out of the 6 instances.Use of ABA at placeTeachers believe that utilizing Applied Behaviour Analysis outside of school ( e.g. at place ) has a figure of advantages for a kid with autism. Chiefly it reinforces what the kid has earned at school but more significantly it provides consistence to the kid, allows him to generalise behaviors and potentially larn more behaviors and accomplishments. One instructor thought that it is non possible to generalise the advantages for all kids, another one idea that its good to follow ABA rules when covering with behaviors of the kid, but non utile to utilize in all state of affairss at place. However, the 11 out of 13 instructors besides identified a figure of hazards with utilizing ABA outside school – 2 of the instructors thought there were no hazards at all. The chief hazard identified was that parents would necessitate to be decently trained in order to use ABA right and systematically with the manner it is done at school. Otherwise, kids could acquire confused, possibly unlearn some of the good behavior and accomplishments that they have acquired at school and perchance even acquire frustrated. Teachers besides mentioned that kids could go easy â€Å" prompt-dependant † , that Applied Behaviour Analysis is non a natural manner to educate or handle kids and if applied throughout would make an unrealistically structured universe for the kid with autism. One instructor besides mentioned that utilizing ABA both inside and outside school could be excessively much for kids, as the plan is really intensive. Of the six parents take parting in the questionnaire, 5 presently use ABA rules at place. However the strength varies a batch between the households. One female parent indicated she used it 80 % of the clip, two moths use it in the eventides or on Saturday forenoon, one mainly for lavatory preparation and the 5th female parent gave no clear indicant of how much she used it but said that she would utilize it â€Å" to generalise what is taught at school † . Asked about whether they would see utilizing ABA more at place, parents ‘ sentiments seem to be divided: three replied that they would non utilize it more, or merely if a new debatable behaviour would emerge, while two said that they would wish to utilize it more, e.g. during school vacations. One of these two said that she would necessitate more support and preparation. The 6th female parent gave no response at all to this inquiry. Teachers and healers believe that the chief grounds why parents do non utilize Applied Behaviour Analysis at place are linked to a deficiency of the necessary clip and cognition. Some instructors besides believe that other household committednesss, e.g. other kids and spouse, and a deficiency of support play a function in it. One instructor suspects that some parents may differ with ABA and that there might non be adequate communicating and trust between the parents and the school. Asked about how parents could be encouraged to utilize ABA more at place, instructors believe that both preparation and place visits would be most of import. Two instructors besides think that a better communicating between the school and the parents would assist, while some suggest that parents should see the school more frequently and, for illustration, attend workshops or merely detect their kid in schoolroom. One instructor besides believes that more support is needed to acquire parents more involved in Applied Behaviour Analysis programmes at place. Finally, parents were asked about any other intercession techniques they used to handle their autistic kids. Two of them answered that they were utilizing the Relationship Development Intervention ( RDI ) , one tried the Son-Rise Programme and yet another female parent uses a gluten casein free and OT free diet. The two staying parents indicated that they were non utilizing any other intercessions.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 22

Balanced Very Carefully, As If the Whole Thing Might Topple When the Heater Vents Begin to Blow Later This Fall From the basement, I hear my dad say, â€Å"It goes right here, on this table.† Three sets of footsteps are moving across the family-room floor, and soon I hear something heavy being set down. After fifteen minutes or so, the sounds of college football explode through the floor above – big bands playing, drums galore, fight songs being sung – and I realize my father has replaced the family-room television. I hear the deliverymen's footsteps exit, and then Dad increases the volume so I can hear every play call the commentators make, even though I am in the basement and the basement door is shut. I don't follow college football, so I don't really know the players or the teams being discussed. I do some curls and simply listen, secretly hoping Dad will come down into the basement, tell me about the new television, and ask me to watch the game with him. But he doesn't. Suddenly, maybe a half hour after the deliverymen leave, the volume is turned down, and I hear Mom ask, â€Å"What the hell is this?† â€Å"It's a high-definition television with surround sound,† my father replies. â€Å"No, that is a movie screen, and – â€Å" â€Å"Jeanie – â€Å" â€Å"Don't you ‘Jeanie' me.† â€Å"I work hard for our money, and I won't have you telling me how to spend it!† â€Å"Patrick, it's ridiculous. It doesn't even fit on the end table. How much did you pay for that?† â€Å"Never mind.† â€Å"You smashed the old television just so you could buy a bigger one, didn't you?† â€Å"Jesus Christ, Jeanie. Will you please stop bitching at me for once?† â€Å"We're on a budget. We agreed – â€Å" â€Å"Oh. Okay. We're on a budget.† â€Å"We agreed that – â€Å" â€Å"We have money to feed Pat. We have money to buy Pat a new wardrobe. We have money to buy Pat a home gym. We have money for Pat's medications. Well then, the way I see it, we have money for a new fucking television set too.† I hear my mother's footsteps exit the family room. Just before my father turns up the game again, I hear her stomp up the steps to her bedroom, where I know she will cry because my father has cursed at her again. And it's my fault their money is stretched. I feel awful. I do sit-ups on the Stomach Master 6000 until it is time to run with Tiffany. When I finally go upstairs, I see that Dad's television set is one of those new flat-screen models they advertised when we watched the Eagles play Houston, and it is literally almost the size of our dining-room table. It's huge; only the center third rests on the end table, making it look as if it is balanced very carefully, as if the whole thing might topple when the heater vents begin to blow later this fall. Even still, while I do feel bad about Mom, I have to admit that the picture quality is excellent and the speakers set up on stands behind the couch fill the house with sound, making it seem as though the college football game is being played in our family room – and I start to look forward to watching the Eagles on the new set, thinking the players will almost appear life-size. I stand behind the couch for a second, admiring my father's new television, hoping he will acknowledge my presence. I even say, â€Å"Dad, did you get a new television?† But he doesn't answer me. He is mad at my mom for questioning his purchase, so now he will sulk. He will not talk to anyone for the rest of the day, I know from experience, so I leave the house and find Tiffany jogging up and down the street. Tiffany and I run together, but we do not talk. When I return home, Tiffany keeps jogging without even saying goodbye, and as I jog up the driveway to the back door, Mother's car is gone.

Free Essays on Cant Say

I can’t say when I look into your eyes. Maybe you’ll reject me and shatter all my pride. Each day my love grows stronger but I won’t let you know. There’s way to much behind my smile that I can never show. I’d hold you for a lifetime if you would just take my hand. I’d love you like no other but I don’t think you understand. Every time I see you you’re holding onto him. The pain cuts like a dagger making wounds that never heal. So I’ll dream of us together- of how it could be. And I will keep the secret love you could have with me.... Free Essays on Cant Say Free Essays on Cant Say There’s so many words I can’t say when I look into your eyes. Maybe you’ll reject me and shatter all my pride. Each day my love grows stronger but I won’t let you know. There’s way to much behind my smile that I can never show. I’d hold you for a lifetime if you would just take my hand. I’d love you like no other but I don’t think you understand. Every time I see you you’re holding onto him. The pain cuts like a dagger making wounds that never heal. So I’ll dream of us together- of how it could be. And I will keep the secret love you could have with me....

Measuring Photosynthesis essays

Measuring Photosynthesis essays Measuring Photosynthesis: The Effects of Green and White Light In this experiment we will be measuring the amount of oxygen produced in photosynthesis by white and green light. We began by placing the elodea in the 250ml flask along with the NaHCO3 and a stopper and a bent piece of glass tubing. We turned the lamp on and timed it for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, we re-marked the tubing with the wax pencil. The releasing of oxygen was supposed to make the solution move. The results were a net photosynthesis with an average of 20mm, aerobic cellular respiration of 1mm, gross total photosynthesis of 21.1, and a rate of photosynthesis of 123mm. The average of net photosynthesis 9.8mm, aerobic cellular respiration was 91.1mm, gross photosynthesis 54.5mm, and a rate of photosynthesis of 39.3. One may wonder what is photosynthesis and why is it so important. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight energy to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP. The green pigment chlorophyll converts unusable sunlight into usable chemical energy. The photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen that we must have to stay alive. The Arizona State University Biology department states that photosynthesis is arguably the most important biological process on earth. By liberating oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide, it has transformed the world into the hospitable environment we know today. Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis fills all of our food requirements and many of our needs for fiber and building materials. The energy stored in petroleum, natural gas ad coal all came from the sun via photosynthesis, as does the energy in firewood, which is a major fuel in many parts of the world. This being the case, scientific research into photosynthesis is vitally important. If we can understand and control the intricacies of the photosynthetic process, we can ...

Passionate and Impassioned

Passionate and Impassioned Passionate and Impassioned Passionate and Impassioned By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the words passionate and impassioned: Do they mean the same thing? If not, when should you use one and not the other? The word passion derives from a Latin verb that means â€Å"to suffer† or â€Å"to undergo.† One use of the noun is to name the sufferings of Jesus. For example, a â€Å"passion play† is a performance that reenacts the arrest and death of Jesus. The title of Dreyer’s play about the trial of Joan of Arc is called The Passion of Joan of Arc in reference to her sufferings, which the filmmaker felt paralleled the sufferings of Christ. Another sense of passion is â€Å"strong emotion.† It can refer to sexual passion or to a strong emotion like anger or indignation. A passionate person is readily swayed by emotions. In such expressions as â€Å"a passionate kiss† and â€Å"a passionate embrace,† the connotation is usually sexual. Someone swayed by strong feelings about some nonsexual purpose might be described as â€Å"a passionate reformer,† or â€Å"a passionate preacher.† Sports enthusiasts are said to be â€Å"passionate about football.† Although the words are mostly synonymous, impassioned perhaps has the connotation of strong feeling rooted in conviction. Here are some recent examples of both adjectives as used on the Web: The actor  then applied to the Grand Duke, and the latter, a  passionate lover  of  dogs, signified his desire that the request be granted. Part II explores the ways that prosecutorial  passion  might affect  plea. Because marriage is for the rest of my life, I think it will be more enjoyable if I married a person who is like a friend, as opposed to marrying for passionate love. WVU Womens Basketball Carey wants  passionate effort  against Oklahoma Freida Pinto Gave An Impassioned Feminist Speech Every Woman And Man Needs To Hear Impassioned crowds protest Ferguson decision in Boston Synonyms for passionate when the context is sexual: amorous ardent loving sexy sensual erotic lustful Synonyms for passionate in other contexts: intense emotional fervent vehement heated spirited energetic frenzied fiery wild violent Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?What Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

Management - Analyze your options with K-T analysis [sap22] Essay

Management - Analyze your options with K-T analysis [sap22] - Essay Example For more than 65 years, primary findings of research bring out: 3. Creative innovations employing probable scientific solutions external to the field in which they were developed. Greater application of K-T constitutes learning these repetitive patterns of problems-solutions, technical evolution patterns, scientific effects methods, and application of general K-patterns specific to the circumstances that force the developer. The attention of the management is significant in ensuring that workplace safety and health of employees stabilizes. However, Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) believe that troubles of many grocery stores gives a basis for providing solutions for protection of workers. The study objective is to establish the relationship between workplace activities and the development of back injuries and sprains. The problem viewed from the dimension of the employees takes care of their safety and health. The alternatives available to companies are to provide opportunities for workers to work in a protected environment. The K-T technique enables the grocery stores to value the quality of work from employees by investing on their health insurance and welfare (Ratner, 2010). The company can invest in ergonomics and product liability where inadequacies of products can be traced and repaired or reworked. Finally, employee safety can be harnessed and sustained by buyers who insist on minimum requirements and employee safety (Genrich, 2006). Through these alternatives, injury reduction will be reinforced by improvements in information and technology. There will be a greater enhancement of the relationship between workplace activities, back injuries and sprains. Inherent contradictions also referred as physical contradictions, are circumstances in which people or system suffers contradictory, opposite needs (Ratner, 2010). Daily examples include: The machines used in the grocery store should

Report to Caifu Investments Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Report to Caifu Investments Ltd - Essay Example It is noteworthy that both the company are strong competitors in the apparel industry of the United Kingdom. Since both the companies operate in the global retail industry, it is natural to assume that external environmental factors will affect both the companies in similar manner. These factors are: Advanced technology: Rapid technological development has profound transformation effect on the retail industry at global level. The exuberant adoption of mobile digital technologies such as tablets and smartphones in retailing has influenced consumer behaviour as well. Technological development has become a source of competitive advantage and differentiation. Advancement can be observed in terms of increasing implementation of QR (Quick Response) code, self checkout systems, digital advertising displays, smart kiosk and electronic price tags (Krafft and Mantrala, 2010). Product Life Cycle: The retail industry of the UK has reached the mature phase of its life cycle; as a result, high street shopping is declining at a rapid rate. Since 2000, approximately 25000 stores have been closed and around 183 retail brands disappeared from the market in 2011. E-commerce, high product diversification and recession are being considered as some of the contributing factors (Marketline, 2013). Competition: the competition in the industry is relatively high and considering the extensive diversity maintained by most contemporary retailers, the degree of rivalry has increased tremendously. Consumers have variety of choices but with limited purchasing power, retailers are losing significant share of the deserving profit (Marketline, 2013; 2014). Consumer behaviour: Thomas (2013) suggested that consumer buying behaviour in UK as well as in the world was largely affected by the recession. Consumers have changed their purchasing behaviour significantly. For majority

Acheiving Global Competitive Advantage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Acheiving Global Competitive Advantage - Essay Example The organization employs more than 320,808 people in 160 countries (Toyota Motor Corporation, Annual Report, 2009). TMC is a multinational company. It is a very popular auto company. It designs environment-friendly and superior technology cars. The company was established in the year 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda. However, the company gained global eminence in the year 1952. The company started advancing in leaps and bounds. North American was the first country to import the cars of Toyota (Source: Toyota Motor Corporation, Annual Report, 2008). TMC and Toyota Motor Sales joined forces in the year 1982 to augment the international presence of the company. There are 522 subsidiaries of the company. In 2008 the company had achieved the status of â€Å"The biggest automobile-manufacturer†, but the financial crisis of 2007 saw the fall in revenue generation of TMC. Its current global standing is number three. The company is based in Toyota City, Aichi in Japan (Toyota, Overview, 2011). The company took over General Motors in 2008. The company is proficient in designing and manufacturing an array of products. The main line of production ranges from luxury and sports vehicles. It also manufactures buses, minivans, trucks, and SUVs. These vehicles are manufactured using either hybrid or combustion engines (like Prius). The subsidiaries of Toyota (like Daihatsu Motor) are also proficient in auto manufacturing. Hino Motors (another subsidiary) manufactures buses and trucks. TMC also produces automotive parts. These are used in the vehicles made by TMC, as well as sold to other automobile manufacturers. The most popular Toyota models are Tundra Truck, Lexus Line, Land Cruiser, Corolla, and Camry. Toyota vehicles are very popular in Asia, which contributes to 40 percent of its sales (Toyota, Products and Services, 2011). TMC has expertise in not only car-manufacturing but also many other fields like e-Toyota business, afforestation,

German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

German - Essay Example The wall’s real purpose was most likely to halt defection and emigration, which had marked The Eastern block of communism and Germany after the end of the Second World War. This paper aims to discuss the building, function, and fall of the Berlin wall. The Berlin wall separated the people of West Berlin and East Berlin for twenty-eight years. Following the end of World War two in the year 1945, the allies on victory divided Germany into four parts. These allies were Russia, the United States, France, and Britain. Each ally took control of one sector. The sectors taken over by the British, French, and the United States merged to form the federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany. The sector controlled by the Russians became a communist republic, East Germany or as it was then called the German Democratic Republic. This was ratified on October the 7th of 1949. This created an invisible barrier that separated the West from the East. Winston Churchill christened this barrier the Iron Curtain. Despite the fact that Berlin lay deep in Soviet territory, the allies had agreed to divide the city. This led to another quarterly subdivision. The French, British, and U. S. sectors merged to form the city of West Berlin, with the sector cont rolled by the Soviets becoming the capital of East Germany and being called East Berlin. These new countries were established, not by the general population, but by the occupying forces. While the communists ruled the eastern region, most of its residents were not happy with communism and were not communists themselves. However, not a part of the iron curtain, the Berlin Wall was erected, in 1961, and acted as a reminder of the existence of the iron curtain. The wall itself was constructed from cement, steel, and barbed wire fences reinforced with explosives and traps. The wall was adorned by guard towers regularly positioned with weaponry and machineguns

Business Development in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Development in Canada - Essay Example Canadian resources have been the cornerstone of business development and it is anticipated that it will remain the central avenue for the achievement of business prosperity for current and future generations. Resources and Growth of Businesses in Canada It is evident that throughout history, Canada has been endowed with various natural resources such as land, forests, minerals, fossils fuels, and fisheries. Exploitation of the above resources have been fundamental in the successful development of businesses through the provision of strategic raw materials, mineral and energy that are necessary in trade establishment and growth. The relationship between natural resource exploitation in Canada and business development shows a positive correlation where business and economic development depend on the endowment of an economy with natural resources (Taylor & Owram, 1994). Global and regional trade prior to the pre-war period relied majorly on the availability of raw materials, energy, and mineral commodities. Since Canada was capable of providing the above trade necessities through the exploitation and utilization of her natural resources, trade and business opportunities emerged. The availability of natural resources in Canada contributed to both domestic and international business development opportunities. The availability of natural resources in Canada led to the establishment and development of business opportunities hence intensified industrialization. Nearly all emerging and developing economies including Canada depended on the natural resources as the basis for economic growth achievement. Business growth and development in Canada have historically developed through the exploitation of natural resources that were found to be... This essay approves that United States corporations increased ownership of manufacturing and processing plants in Canada. Foreign direct investment by American firms was concentrated in the resource sector and in particular, the paper mills, and mining companies. The intensive incursion and successive ownership of manufacturing and processing plants in Canada by American led to the emergence of mergers as a new form of business strategy. Merger of multinational firms and local firms also concentrated control and ownership of natural resources in few hands. New economic organizations and re-orientation was evident with entry of larger firms in mainstream business operations. The market shifted from industrial capitalism to corporate capitalism where large multi-organizations began to take charge of business operations in Canada by increasing the size of economic units. This report makes a conclusion that Canada has been commonly referred to as the storehouse of resources since the past decades. Indeed Canada is endowed with various natural resources such as petroleum, fisheries, forests, and minerals among others and it boasts of a huge territory that is under natural resources. Natural resources have played a significant role in shaping up and development of business and economy of Canada. The export of staples such as pulp and paper, industrial minerals, timber, fur and agricultural products has contributed immensely to the growth of business and trade. It resulted in increased revenue and income, industrial growth and foreign direct investment initiatives.

German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

German - Essay Example The wall’s real purpose was most likely to halt defection and emigration, which had marked The Eastern block of communism and Germany after the end of the Second World War. This paper aims to discuss the building, function, and fall of the Berlin wall. The Berlin wall separated the people of West Berlin and East Berlin for twenty-eight years. Following the end of World War two in the year 1945, the allies on victory divided Germany into four parts. These allies were Russia, the United States, France, and Britain. Each ally took control of one sector. The sectors taken over by the British, French, and the United States merged to form the federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany. The sector controlled by the Russians became a communist republic, East Germany or as it was then called the German Democratic Republic. This was ratified on October the 7th of 1949. This created an invisible barrier that separated the West from the East. Winston Churchill christened this barrier the Iron Curtain. Despite the fact that Berlin lay deep in Soviet territory, the allies had agreed to divide the city. This led to another quarterly subdivision. The French, British, and U. S. sectors merged to form the city of West Berlin, with the sector cont rolled by the Soviets becoming the capital of East Germany and being called East Berlin. These new countries were established, not by the general population, but by the occupying forces. While the communists ruled the eastern region, most of its residents were not happy with communism and were not communists themselves. However, not a part of the iron curtain, the Berlin Wall was erected, in 1961, and acted as a reminder of the existence of the iron curtain. The wall itself was constructed from cement, steel, and barbed wire fences reinforced with explosives and traps. The wall was adorned by guard towers regularly positioned with weaponry and machineguns

The structure of project building project Essay

The structure of project building project - Essay Example The advantage of this method is that if the client is very specific about his requirements of the final project, the contractor has no excuse but to deliver, as all consultants and their coordination are his responsibility. The disadvantage of such a contract is that if the client is not vigilant, the contractor can cut corners in order to maximise his profit, at the cost of the quality of the finished project. This method of procurement makes the contractor a stakeholder in the project, sharing profits as well as risk. The development of such projects are increasingly been seen in large township developments, where phase wise development is done. This method makes it possible for each stakeholder to manage cash flows more easily, despite a slower return on investment. This is a method by which very large and complicated projects requiring several consultants are executed. This is used in cases where no single entity, including architect, contractor or consultant can single handedly deliver the project on time and to specifications. A contract is an exchange of commitments towards a common goal. ... 4.2 A contract is an exchange of commitments towards a common goal. It may be written or oral, and contains the terms and conditions according to which all participants shall work to achieve those goals in the best interests of the venture. The basic requirements that a construction contract has to fulfill are: It needs to be compatible with the laws of the land. It has to be formulated properly, with a clear structure so as to eliminate confusion or ambiguity as to its contents. A contract has to consider the making of an offer and its implicit acceptance by another party, subject to the terms and conditions within it. A contract has to mention the considerations for carrying out the job, in the form of clearly defined monetary compensation for the standard as well as deviations in the terms and conditions. All parties entering into a contract need to have the ability to execute the contract. No person with a criminal record, of unsound mind or under the age of 18 can be a signatory to a contract. Performance obligations in a contract: Every party to the contract has an obligation to complete the work set down in the contract, and to set up a self-auditing mechanism to study his own periodic performance on the project, and to rectify any delays and deficiencies in the execution that may potentially compromise the project. It is also the contractor's prerogative to check the client's satisfaction continuously. Time obligations of a contract: It is the contractor's responsibility to start work after a careful project timeline with realistic deadlines, and to work towards maintaining or exceeding those deadlines. It is also the contractor's responsibility to bring any repercussions of changes in design or

Project Manager Roles and Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

Project Manager Roles and Responsibilities Essay The Project Manager is the person responsible for developing, in conjunction with the Project Sponsor, a definition of the project. The Project Manager then ensures that the project is delivered on time, to budget and to the required quality standard (within agreed specifications). He/she ensures the project has sufficient resources and manages relationships with a wide range of groups (including all project contributors). The Project Manager is also responsible for managing the work of consultants, allocating and utilizing resources in an efficient manner and maintaining a co-operative, motivated and successful team. Additional responsibilities include: managing and leading the project team,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   recruiting project staff and consultants, managing co-ordination between the partners and working groups engaged in project work, detailed project planning and control. Control would incorporate: Developing and maintaining a detailed project plan. Managing project deliverables in line with the project plan. Maintaining records of and managing project issues. Resolving conflicts at project level. Managing project scope and change control and escalating issues where necessary. Monitoring project progress and performance. Providing status reports to the project sponsor. Managing project training within the defined budget. Liaison with, and updates on progress to, the project steering board/senior management. Managing project evaluation and dissemination activities. Managing consultancy input within the defined budget. Final approval of the design specification. Working closely with users to ensure the project meets business needs. Definition and management of : â€Å"User Acceptance Testing† stage. Identifying user training needs and devising and managing user training programmes. As an illustration of the roles and responsibilities of a Project manager, I am going to use the simple example of changing the wheel of a car with one person in charge (project manager). In the exposition that follows, the steps followed will be under the headlines of the five essential ones outlined in the PMBOK: Initiating The initiating stage in replacing a punctured car-wheel is the process of preparing to replace the wheel. To begin with, the project manager, or whoever is overseeing the operation, ensures that all the tools necessary for the job are available. The tools necessary in this case would comprise the jerk, wheel spanner, the unique key-for some car models, maybe some props such as stones where there is a possibility of the car slipping downhill and finally, labor. Planning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once the initiating stage is completed, we move on to the planning stage whereby different strategies are proposed and quickly debated with one being agreed upon. The role of the project manager in this stage is to ensure that everyone is given an opportunity to express their opinions on how best to approach the problem. Then, he/she should harmonize every participant’s views and in cases if the group cannot reach a resolution unanimously, he/she should apply his/her critical thinking abilities and skills in choosing the most reasonable approach that would be most efficient, effective and feasible. The planning would entail deciding which nuts to unscrew first e.g. diagonally, where to place the jerk and the props and where to put the tools and nuts in such a manner as to ensure they don’t get lost or pose a hazard to any of the team members. The Plan will also incorporate delegation of duties amongst the team members i.e. deciding who will place the jerk, who will unscrew the nuts, who will carry the spare wheel, and who will screw the new wheel back. The delegation of duties should be fair such that no member feels exploited or alienated and it is the work of the project manager to study everyone’s character and tell who is suited best for what. The final parts of the plan involve training participants as necessary, scheduling everything, and monitoring progress. Executing or Implementation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After initiating and planning, finally the time comes to put the plan into action. During this stage, the team implements the strategy decided upon with a view to achieving the intended objective. The team removes the bad wheel and replaces it with one that is in good condition. The work of the project manager is to ensure that each participant plays his/ her assigned role and that the operation goes according to plan by correcting any digressions and getting rid of any impediments that might arise in the course of the implementation. Controlling and Monitoring   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As to controlling and monitoring, this entails putting measures in place in anticipation of pitfalls during the process of implementing the plan. Pitfalls to be anticipated might include: some members do not like the roles they are assigned and so they don’t play their roles with the necessary devotion. Also it is possible   that some members might want to sabotage the project for any of a number of reasons or one of the tools gets damaged and cannot be repaired in time for the work at hand. To avoid alienation, the project manager should make every member feel as though they own the project and when it succeeds the glory will be shared and the benefits mutual. In addition, the project manager has the responsibility of ensuring that, if a member were assigned a role he/she does not like, they are free to voice their concerns so that a speedy resolution is sought. The speedy resolution could be training or instruction where a member is assigned work they do not know how to do. Alternatively, members could swap roles to resolve any stalemates. Finally, a backup plan should be in place to cater for unanticipated hitches. Closing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In finishing up, the project manager should ensure the team tightens the nuts to the required extent and remove the jerk and props. He/she should also ensure that any member who sustains any injury should be attended to and all the tools-wheel spanners, jerk, props, key- together with the bad wheel are all returned and checked to ensure they are in good condition, then put in their respective places of storage. BIBLIOGRAPHY K. Bainey, The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 3rd ed. Project Management Institute, New Jersey, 2004

Distinction Between Absolute And Strict Liability Offences Law Essay

Distinction Between Absolute And Strict Liability Offences Law Essay In general, the criminal liability requires the proof of both actus reus and mens rea before convicting a person. When the necessity for the prosecution to prove mens rea (in the sense of intention, knowledge or recklessness) regarding the actus reus elements of the offence is disregarded, either expressly or impliedly, the offence in question is described as strict or absolute liability offence. What is the distinction (if any) between absolute and strict liability offences? The distinction can be seen by what the prosecution must prove. Strict liability offences do not require proof of mens rea in respect of at least one element of the actus reus, usually the essential element. However, proof of mens rea may be required for some of the elements of the actus reus. Absolute liability offences do not require proof of any mens rea element, but are satisfied by proof of the actus reus alone. The distinction can be seen by examining the issue of causation In strict liability, the prosecution is required to prove the causation of the actus reus and the offence. In Empress Car Co (Abertillery) Ltd  [1]  , the lordship said that, While liability [for water pollution] is strict and therefore includes liability for certain deliberate acts of third parties à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is not an absolute liability in the sense that all that has to be shown is that the polluting matter escaped from the defendants land, irrespective of how this happened. It must still be possible to say that the defendant caused the pollution. In absolute liability, however, a crime may not require any causation link at all, if the specified state of affairs exists. In Winzar  [2]  , the defendant was removed from a hospital by police and was then arrested and found guilty of being drunk on the highway, even though the police officers had put him there. The court held that it was enough to show that D had been present on the highway and was perceived to be drunk. It didnt matter that his presence on the highway was momentary and involuntary. The distinction can be seen by what defences are available to the defendant Many academic papers differentiate strict and absolute liability by the availability of the defence of honest but mistaken belief, which is a common law defence. Where it is available the liability is strict, where it is not available the liability is absolute. The situation becomes complex in case where defence are provided in the statue for the defendant to escape liability. If common law defence is held by court to be excluded from the offence, does the provision of statutory defence disqualify an offence from being absolute? In the case HKSAR v So Wai Lun  [3]  , the court of appeal has the opportunity to look into the case B (A Minor) v DPP  [4]  , and made the following observation. Section 5 of the Sexual Offences Act 1956 made it an offence for a person to have unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under 13 while section 6 made it an offence in relation to girls under 16. Under section 6, a defence was expressly set out where the defendant, provided he was under the age of 24, believed the girl to be 16 or over Lord Steyn said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦since section 5 contained no such defence, it plainly created an offence of absolute liability. So the court is suggesting that unlawful underage sexual intercourse, a traditional example of absolute liability, will not be considered as absolute liability per se in the present of statutory defence in provision. This observation is reaffirmed in the recent case Hin Lin Yee v HKSAR  [5]  by Ribeiro PJ in paragraph 198 (ii) and (iii). In other jurisdiction like Australia, the definition of absolute liability is even more blurred by the fact that common law defence like duress and self defence are available for absolute liability. How does one determine if an offence is one of strict or absolute liability? The question of whether a statutory offence requires proof of mens rea or is strict liability is treated as a matter of statutory construction, the statutory provision enacting the offence must be construed to determine the legislative intention. In Gammon (Hong Kong) Ltd  [6]  , the lordship has summarized the approach to the interpretation: There is a presumption of law that mens rea is required before a person can be held guilty of a criminal offence. The presumption is particularly strong where the offences is truly criminal in character. Truly criminal offence usually refers those dealing with violence against persons or property. The presumption is particularly strong due to the stigma that attached to the offence. The presumption applies to statutory offences, and can be displaced only if this is clearly or by necessary implication the effect of the statute. Sometimes the offence will expressly specify the type or level of mental fault by using words such as willfully, recklessly, carelessly, etc. In such cases, the court must then go on to define the precise meaning of those mens rea words. Where a statute is silent as to the mens rea for an offence, the courts must decide as a matter of general principle or statutory interpretation what level or type of mens rea applies. The only situation in which the presumption can be displaced is where the statute is concerned with an issue of social concern, and public safety is such as issue. Strict liability has often been imposed in regulatory offences concerning social concern and public safety, such as licensing, pollution, health and safety, driving offences, environmental offences and public health offences. Even where a statute is concerned with such an issue, the presumption of mens rea stands unless it can also be shown that the creation of strict liability will be effective to promote the objects of the statute by encouraging greater vigilance to prevent the commission of the prohibited act. In Lim Chin Aik v R  [7]  , the defendant had been convicted under the immigration laws of Singapore by remaining there (after entry) when he had been prohibited of entering. The aim of the law was to prevent illegal immigration. The defendant had no knowledge of the prohibition order and there was no evidence that the authorities had attempted to bring the prohibition order to his notice. Since there was nothing D could have done to determine whether a order had been made against him and thus ensure compliance with the relevant legislation, the Privy Council ordered that the offence was not one of strict liability because it did nothing to promote enforcement of the law. What policies are behind the creation of absolute and strict liability? It is said that the imposition of strict liability encourages greater observance of and compliance with law, especially to the employer who is vicariously liable to employees act, and this is particularly important where matters of public safety, public health and public welfare are concerned. High standards can be achieved and maintained only if those conducting activities involving risks to safety, health, the environment and so on are made to feel that it is not enough just to take reasonable care; they must take all possible care. Secondly, it is said that strict liability, by relieving the prosecution of the task of investigating and proving mens rea against an alleged offender, enhances the efficiency of our administrative and judicial systems. How do the concepts of absolute and strict liability assist or hinder the Prosecution, the Accused and the Court in a criminal trial? Prosecutor It relieves the prosecutor of the virtual impossibility of proving intent or knowledge of the wrongful conduct, particularly where the defendant was a company rather than an individual. No significant hindrance is observed for prosecution in regard to the application of concept. Accused Strict liability draw a clear line between legality and illegality, which may reduce the information cost for the accused to determine whether himself is guilty or not in some minor offence (e.g. speeding). Unnecessary legal fee may also be saved in this regard. On the other hand, the concept imposes liability on accused who have taken all possible steps to prevent the offence being committed and should not be blameworthy. The onus of proof is also reversed to the defendant side. Court The concept allows the court to strike down the many bogus defense that would otherwise succeed if excusable ignorance or mistake were always accepted as defense. On the other hand, the courts need to engage in time consuming debates about whether the legislature intended strict or absolute liability to apply. The difficulties in identifying strict liability offences can be seen from lack of clarity in judgements. Also, the court often need to justify the creation of strict liability does not per se contravene with the Bill of Rights.  [8]   Conclusion Overall I feel that strict liability is necessary, but that it should be used wisely and that statutes should be extremely carefully worded. Other jurisdiction is slowly moving away from creating new offences of strict liability and phasing out some of the older ones, or at least revising the statute and adding possible defences. Hong Kong should also revisit the issue and see if any improvement can be made.

Free Essays - A lack of Respect in To Build a Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

A lack of Respect   Ã¢â‚¬Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London is a short story about a man traveling along the Yukon River in the bitter winter weather.   While warned against traveling alone in the frigid cold, he ventures out to meet his companions at a remote camp many miles away, with only his dog.   Overcome by nature’s power, he eventually perishes along the way, leaving his four-legged partner to complete the journey alone.   The story displays how the forces of nature can surprisingly overwhelm even the most confident of men.   The traveler, or also referred to as a chechaquo, is the main character of London’s tale.  Ã‚   He is a quick and alert man, yet lacks imagination to see things in the big picture.   We know that he knows the ways of the arctic environment, but it becomes obvious that he has never experienced a situation like this.  Ã‚   The man is observant and quite resourceful, exemplified when he coaxes the dog to walk ahead of him across the ice, in case of soft spots.   A combination of arrogance and confidence are apparent with almost every thought he has.   Even when faced with his own immortality, the man fights to contain himself and remain calm.   London uses the dog traveling with the man to support some of the less obvious points in the story.   We know from the dog’s thoughts that the climate is not simply cold, but closer to unbearable.     The central conflict in the story is the Traveler vs. Nature.   He displays a total lack of respect for the environment in which he has chosen to travel.   From the beginning, the reader understands that the man is undertaking a task where most would wait for more suitable conditions.   His trip begins well enough, yet soon becomes disastrous when he breaks through the ice and wets himself up to the waist.   He is more angry than worried as he begins to build a fire to dry his wet boots and socks.   His arrogance shows when he thinks to himself, â€Å"Those old-timers were rather womanish.†Ã‚   Due to a grave mistake on his part of building the fire under a tree branch overburdened with fresh snow, his fire is doused out when the heat collapses the branch.   His extremities are already numb from the cold and he lacks the dexterity to light another fire so begins to run in an effort to get to his companions camp as well as increase his circulation enough to warm up.

Incentive Parameters for Salesmen in Leading FMCG Companies

The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry is one among the fast growing industries with consumers everywhere. Fast Moving consumer goods or consumer packaged goods are products that are sold quickly at relatively low cost. Though the absolute profit made on FMCG products is relatively small, they are generally sold in large quantities, and so the cumulative profit on such products can be substantial. Salesmen play a critical role in any FMCG industry; and for that matter in any industry, a salesman’s role is critical. The efficiency of the product is useless if the salesmen are inefficient. This calls for energetic salesmen whoare efficient. The average qualification of salesmen are limited to schooling. Most of the salesmen are school dropouts. Unlike the well qualified, with these salesmen the demand for ambiance, infrastructure and a conducive work environment are the least preferred. Monetary benefits are the driving force. The monetary benefits include salary, allowance and incentive. Out of these, only incentive is the most critical and variable factor. The incentive being linked to the salesmen’s performance and the attractive incentive provided by these FMCG giants, is the only reason why most men still stick on to a salesman’s job. The salesmen put in their heart and soul to achieve their targets and thereby get more incentive. At a point, the companies identified that the salesmen are being manipulated either by their company executives or the distributors. To overcome this, to get closer to the salesmen and to give him a sense of belongingness with the company, FMCG companies started making the incentive structure transparent. And to keep track of the salesmen’s performance, the incentives were linked to parameters that help both the salesmen to work efficiently and the company to progress. Various companies use different incentive parameters. These parameters have evolved into a more structured approach. Though the names of the parameters and their weight-age differs, they more or less have the same meaning. Working with a few leading FMCG companies, the following incentive parameters for salesmen are the most commonly practiced. Incentive Parameters 1. Perfect Store All the product lines are highlighted in the palmtop against the particular store have to be placed in the store for it to become a perfect store. 2. Perfect Day When all the stores visited in a day are made perfect, the day becomes a perfect day. The perfect store and perfect day parameters are based on the AC Nielsen survey data. Companies have a tie up with a consulting firm to provide them with data about the stores with regard to their company products 3. Lines Product lines are given as targets depending on the month’s focus product and launch product 4. Must Stock List Must stock list or the MSL compliance is where the salesmen are instructed to compulsorily stock a particular product line at particular stores or all the stores depending on the requirement. As discussed above, the focus products may or may not accompany the ECO parameter. More than one product can be given as a Focus 6. Effective Coverage Effective coverage ensures both the effective outlet coverage and the effective product line coverage. The effective coverage or ECO parameter may or may not contain a focus product/s depending on the month’s objective 7. Distributor Retail Coverage Plan (DRCP) The DRCP or simply the salesmen beat traveled everyday is a parameter that provides for expanding the number of retail outlets. Through this specific parameter the company ensures the addition of new outlets and the retention of the older outlets 8. Value Value targets are fixed based on the value of the month in the previous year plus 25% percent growth 9. Lines Product lines are given as targets depending on the month’s focus product and launch product Apart from these, the companies lay more empahsis on communicating these parameters to the salesmen. Gone were the days where salesmen carried notebooks and pen; as the saying goes, â€Å"you become obsolete f you are not updated†, the companies have sought to palmtops and smart phones / android phones for taking orders, scheme communications and other related functions. With many companies entering into the market everyday, FMCG industry is becoming a very competitive environment. And with the products having a very limited shelf life, the products have to be sold at the earliest. For sales, it is mandatory for the product to be placed in the o utlet. This job falls on the salesmen. And incentives are the key element driving the salesmen. Hence, the companies must constantly evolve new incentive schemes.

Dimmesdale the Lying Coward

Cooper Chisum Dimmesdale the Lying Coward In the book The Scarlet Letter, a character named Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale was considered to be, by most people in the Puritan community, a hero. Dimmesdale was an extremely religious man with great morals and values. Many people in the community looked up to him for his passion and truth about his religious beliefs. Dimmesdale was a very reserved man, and was thought to be an angel of God. People worshiped him, believed what he said, and looked at him as hero.Unfortunately the community was left completely devastated and confused, because Dimmesdale was a lying coward that didn’t find the strength to admit his sin. Dimmesdale knew how the community saw him and could not face the truth, so he hid it. Dimmesdale lived two different lives, one was the religious face that everyone loved and looked up too. On the other hand, when he was alone all he did was beat himself up mentally and physically.Soon the guilt made Dimmesdale weaker and weaker and he wanted to tell the truth, and tried multiple times, but he never found the courage. He allowed the guilt of lying and manipulating the people to eventually kill him all because he couldn’t deal with what the community might think. Nobody in the town imagined him committing of sin of any kind, especially one that was a huge wrong doing in the Puritan community. Dimmesdale hid a secret behind the mask he wore for the community. He had courage to commit the sin but he did not have the courage to admit it.He committed adultery with a woman, she got pregnant, caught and punished by public humiliation because of him, but he couldn’t accept the consequences. On the other hand, he was tortured not only by his conscience; he was beat down by Roger Chillingworth. Eventually Dimmesdale was destined to die because he could not survive the guilt. Surprisingly in a last show of strength, Dimmesdale admits to his sin, but dies soon after. He died and left the community , his people with no explanation.In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathanial Hawthorne, Dimmesdale proves that he is a coward by not being able to do the right thing and tell the truth. He lived a double life. He was a hero to so many people and all he did was let them down. He lost their trust and honor towards him, all because he could face the consequenses. Arthur Dimmesdale is a pathetic lying coward that didn’t have the confidence or power to make things right and follow what he preached to people of the Puritan community. He didn’t have the courage to live by everything he made other people believe in.

Gravametric Quant Lab Report

Quantitative Analysis Gravimetric Determination of Iron as Fe2O3 Laboratory Experiment 2 February 19, 2013 Abstract: In the Gravimetric determination is the measurement of mass in two different forms precipitation and volatilization. In our experiment we will be using the precipitation form which isolates an ion in a solution by a precipitation reaction, filtering, purifying by wash method, conversion to product of known composition, and final weigh of the product comparing the mass difference of theorictal and actual. This method identified the weight percent of iron in an unknown sample.Three samples are taken to limit percent error. In the results of the three samples 1 had a percent of 10. 764 Fe (III), sample 2 had a percent of 11. 725 Fe (III), and sample 3 with a percent of 12. 216 Fe (III). The average sample percent was 11. 568 compared to given amount percent of 12. 90. In theory with a loss of 1. 332 this experiment was overall successful. Introduction: In this lab the pur pose was to use the gravimetric determination procedure to identify the weight percent of iron in an unknown sample. Three samples were collected and analyzed.Iron can be analyzed by precipitating the hydrated iron oxide from a basic solution. After the basic solution is hydrated the process is then followed by complete dehydration to give solid iron oxide. Methods and Materials: Needed in the experiment was; * Crucibles, Metal rings, Wire triangles, Burners, Funnels, Filter Paper, Beakers, Glass rod, Diluted ammonium hydroxide solution, Nitric acid solution, Silver nitrate solution, NH4NO3 solution, Distilled water. Below are some methods used in experiment. fig. 1 fig. 2 Experimental Procedure: This experiment was a multiple session lab.Obtain three crucibles and desiccator. Bring the three porcelain crucibles and caps to constant mass by heating to redness for 15 minutes over a burner, use fig. 1 for method reference. Place the heated crucibles in the desiccator to cool for appro ximately 30 minutes and weigh. This was left overnight and completed the second trial in the next session with successive weighing agreed within 0. 30mg. (Keep constant numbering with crucibles throughout experiment) We measured out 1. 5g of three samples of the unknown that was given to us. Each sample was dissolved in 10 mL of 3M HCl (with heating necessary). mL of 6 M HNO3 was obtained to filtrate, and boil for a few minutes to ensure that all iron is oxidized to Fe (III). The samples was diluted to 200mL with distilled water and add 3 M ammonia with constant stirring until the solution was basic (as determined with pH indicator paper). After solution becomes basic, digest the precipitate by boiling for 5 minutes and allow the precipitate to settle. We then decanted the supernatant liquid through coarse, ash less filter paper (Whatman 41 or Schleicher and Schuell Black Ribbon, as in fig. 2 -18 and 2 -19 in textbook. ). Keep liquid lower than 1 cm from the top of the funnel.Our pr ecipitate was first washed repeatedly with hot ammonium hydroxide solution, by miscommunication. Then washed with the corrected heated ammonium nitrate and left it to drain overnight until next session. We continued to wash supernatant until little or no Cl- is detected in filtered supernatant. Detect the Cl- by acidifying a few milliliters of filtrate with 1 mL of dilute HNO3 and adding a few drops of 0. 1 M AgNO3. If precipitate is observed, Cl- is present. After identifying that there was not any Cl- present we allowed the filter to drain overnight covered with ventilation.Carefully, the paper was lifted out of the funnel, folded (fig. 2), and transferred all dried substance to crucible and any substance that is not completely dry place into beaker and into the heater for half an hour. Those placed in beaker was then placed into the crucibles that were brought to constant mass. With the paper and substance in the crucible it was placed over a small flame with the lid off to start to char the filter paper. The flame temperature was then increased keeping the lid handy to smother the crucible of the paper flames.After the paper seems visibly charred ignite the product for full 15 minutes with full heat of the burner directed at the base of the crucible where oxidized iron is located. When the crucibles have briefly cooled in the air, we then placed them in the desiccator for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes of cooling in the desiccator weigh the crucible and the lid, reignite, and bring to constant mass with the repeated heating within a mass of 0. 3 mg. We are now complete with the experiment. Calculate the weight percent of iron in each sample, the average, the standard deviation, and the relative standard deviation for your data.Results: Crucible 1: 0. 231 g Fe2O3 ? 1 mol Fe2O3159. 487g ? 2 mol FeOOH1 mol Fe2O3? 55. 845 g1 mol = 0. 162g Fe0. 162 g1. 505 g? 100=10. 764% Crucible 2: 0. 252 g Fe2O3 ? 1 mol Fe2O3159. 487g ? 2 mol FeOOH1 mol Fe2O3? 55. 845 g1 m ol = 0. 176g Fe0. 176 g1. 501 g? 100=11. 725% Crucible 3: 0. 268 g Fe2O3 ? 1 mol Fe2O3159. 487g ? 2 mol FeOOH1 mol Fe2O3? 55. 845 g1 mol = 0. 183g Fe0. 183 g1. 502 g? 100=12. 216% *Refer to appendix for sample mass table and calculation equations | Crucible 1| Crucible 2| Crucible 3| Weight percent| 10. 764 %| 11. 725 %| 12. 216%|Average| 0. 250 g| Standard Deviation| 0. 019| Relative Deviation| 0. 015| Discussion: Since the obtained and expected results are not 100 percent match we can conclude that during the experiment we encountered a loss of product, with an average percent of 11. 57 and an obtained of 12. 90 percent. In the experiment the precipitate was washed repeatedly with given solution to filter out any Cl- at this time we notice that some of the precipitate had gone through the filter through the sides from solution being held to high causing an overflow on the sides of the filter.This was notice by the orange tint in the beaker of the filtered solution. In the experime nt scales were also changed due to overuse. That could cause some flux in the measurement changes by small degree. Another error or issue during the experiment a lids on our crucible broke having to replace it caused a changed in our final weigh being that in the beginning we weighed our crucibles with the lid. Remaining constant in the lab is a must this does cut back on experimental error such as using the same analytical balances and labeling all equipment and crucibles.In the Gravimetric determination is the measurement of mass in two different forms precipitation and volatilization. Some of the underlying principles and theories of gravimetric analysis are law of mass action, reversible reactions, and principle of solubility product and common ion effect. Conclusion: The gravimetric determination procedure determined that we had an average of 11. 568% of Fe in our unknown solution, given the amount of 12. 90% of Fe. We experienced a loss of approximately 1. 332 %. This loss cou ld be included in instrumental and human errors.References: Lewis, D. 2013. Quantitative Analysis Lab Journal. Gravimetric Determination of Iron as Fe2O3. Vol. 1: Pages 4 – 5. Franklin, J. 2013. Quantitative Analysis Lab Journal. Gravimetric Determination of Iron as Fe2O3. Vol. 1: Pages 7 – 11. Bb Learn. 2013. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Gravimetric Determination of Iron Lab Handout. Harris, Daniel C. 8th edition. Quantitative Chemical Analysis Textbook. Appendix: Calculation equations: Mean : Mean = Sum of X values / N(Number of values) Standard Deviation: Relative Deviation: 100 ? sxCrucibles| Mass of the Beaker (empty) (g)| Mass of the Beaker & Unknown (g)| Mass of the Unknown Sample (g)| 1| 144. 181 g| 146. 686 g| 1. 505 g| 2| 159. 328 g| 160. 829 g| 1. 501 g| 3| 167. 480 g| 168. 982 g| 1. 502 g| * Above are the measurements of the unknown samples obtained Crucibles| Mass of Crucible (g)| Mass Crucible & final product (g)| Mass of final product (g)| 1| 31. 752 g| 31. 982 g| 0. 231 g| 2| 33. 820 g| 34. 072 g| 0. 252 g| 3| 40. 802 g| 40534 g| 0. 268 g| * Above are the measurements of Iron found in unknown sample

Causes of the decline of the Devirme System Term Paper

Causes of the decline of the Devirme System - Term Paper Example The non-Muslim population in the empire and outside the empire therefore bore the blunt of the Ottoman rule, since they were targeted by the Sultan as well as other traders who used to offer them as slaves instead of paying taxes to the Sultan, or either as a gift to the Sultan. The youth offered for enslavement could either become military personnel in the kingdom, while others could be educated and trained to joining the janissaries in the Harem. This was the Sultan’s home or center of governing where all the activities of the Sultan occupied. The Devshirme system however collapsed later, due to many external influences, such as the modernization from the external world that crept into the Ottoman Empire before its collapse, and due to the inclusion of many foreigners in the Palace and in the empire as a whole. One factor that led to the collapse of the Devshirme system could be the conversion of many of the non-Muslims in the kingdom, into Islamic religion. Duiker and Spielvogel (337) explained that as a result of hostilities that was directed to the non Muslim inhabitants of the empire, many parents saw it necessary to convert to Islamic religion to save their families from being abducted by the powerful men who could afterwards offer them as gifts to the Sultan. Many of such youths had died in the wars, since they were trained and used for military purposes by the Sultan. It was therefore very disheartening and painful for parents to learn of their children’s death in the military activities. To avoid this, a good number of non Muslims as Duiker and Spielvogel (339) explained converted into Islamic religion. Since it was cultural not abduct the Islam professing inhabitants in the Devshirme practices, it therefore translated into declining of the possible abductees in the kingdom. The practice therefore faded gradually as the people converted into Islam, until it ended by the collapse of the Ottoman rule. In the

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Cloud Computing - Essay Example Balance in most cases remains the weight that is distributed in the design through placement of the industry’s elements. Alignment; - In most distribution industries, alignment as a design principle allows the creation of order and organization. It also allows the creation of visual connection within the organization (Morris, 2012). Contrast; - This design principle generally allows organizations to focus on its design elements and by doing this, it helps in improving processes within the organization. Lastly, the space allows free movement in organization especially during the organization processes (Morris, 2012). Adhering to the fundamental design principles is therefore important especially during the development of secure applications. Effective adherence of the design principles in most cases provides balance and a continuation during the development of secure applications. Adherence of the fundamental designs also provides improvement during the development of secure